|
|
????????????????[???]
?????????????
????
?????
????????? ?????a2CO3????NaHCO3 ????Na2S2O3 ????????CaSO4.2H2O????2CaSO4.H2O ???CaF2 ????BaSO4???????NH4HCO3 ????????CaCO3 ????CaO ???NaCl ????????Ca(OH)2 ???Na2SO47H2O (???) ??????????NaOH ???FaSO47H2O???CO2 ???KAl (SO4)212H2O ????Ca (ClO)2 ?CaCl2????? ???MgSO47H2O??????CuSO45H2O ????H2O2 ???ZnSO47H2O ??????SiO2???Al2O3 ????????????Na2SiO3 ??????Fe2O3????Fe3O4 ????????FeS2 ???????Cu2 (OH)2CO3 ????FeCO3 ????Cu2O ?????Ca (OH)2?CuSO4 ?????Ca (OH)2?S ????????Na2SiO3?CaSiO3?SiO2 ???????????Ca (H2PO4)2?CaSO4 ????????????Ca (H2PO4)2 ????????????????CH4 ????CO?H2 ????????????Fe (NH4)2 (SO4)2 ??????????????NO2????????????? ????HNO3??HCl????1?3?????????Al + Fe2O3??????? ???CO?NH2) 2
?????
???CHCl3???CaC2 ????C2H2 (??) TNT?????? ??????C2H5OH ??????????????????O3?? ????????? CH3COOH
?????????????????????H2S?CO2?CO?? ?????? ?C3H8O3???????????H2?CH4????CO?? ?????? ????? HCHO?????35%40%??????????? HCOOH
????C6H12O6???C6H12O6???C12H22O11????C12H22O11 ????C6H10O5?n ????C17H35COOH???C17H33COOH ????C15H31COOH
?????? HOOCCOOH ????????????????CO2????KMnO4???????
?? ??
?????????????????????? Fe2+??? Fe3O4????Fe(OH)2????Fe3+?? Fe (OH)3????? Fe (SCN)3?????FeO????? Fe (NH4)2(SO4)2????Fe2O3????? FeS???? ????????Cu2+??CuO??Cu2O?? CuSO4??????CuSO45H2O?? Cu2 (OH)2CO3 ??Cu(OH)2??[Cu(NH3)4]SO4?????BaSO4 ?BaCO3 ?Ag2CO3 ?CaCO3 ?AgCl ? Mg (OH)2 ???????????
Al(OH)3 ?????? H4SiO4???????????
Cl2?????? F2??????Br2?????? I2?????
HF?HCl?HBr?HI????????????????
CCl4????????????????? KMnO4--??MnO4-??
Na2O2????? Ag3PO4????S????AgBr?????
AgI????O3?????SO2???????????????
SO3???????44.8 0C? ?????? ????HF????
N2O4?NO???? NO2????? NH3???????????
?? ???
1?????????????Ba(OH)2?NH4Cl???????
2?Na?H2O??????????????????????????(?????????)
3??????Na ???K?????????????Cu ???Ca???Na+?????K+?????
4?Cu??Cl2?????????? 5?H2?Cl2???????????
6?Na?Cl2??????????? 7?P?Cl2?????????????
8?SO2??????????????????
9?NH3?HCl??????????10???????????????????
11?????????????????CO2??????????MgO???????
12????Cl2??????????? 13?HF?????4HF + SiO2 ? SiF4 + 2H2O
14?Fe(OH)2???????????????????????
15??????Fe?Al ??H2SO4??HNO3????
16??????????????FeCl3???????????????????
17??????HNO3???????????????
18????????S???????? H2????? H2S?????
CO???? CH4????????? S?O2????????????
?19????????????[Fe(OH)2]????????[Fe(OH)3]
20???????S?Na2O2?AgBr
21????????????SO2???????????Cl2??????????
2+3+2+22??????Fe??????Fe?????Cu?????MnO4-????
????????Cu?Cu2O?Fe2O3?????[Fe(OH)3] ???CuO?FeO?FeS?CuS?Ag2S?PbS? ??[Cu(OH)2] ???AgI?Ag3PO4? ??[Fe(0H)2?CaCO3?BaSO4?AgCl?BaSO3] ?????Cl2??????NO2?????
?? ???????????
1
3???????????Au3+ >Ag+>Hg2+ >Cu2+ >Pb2+ >Fa2+ >Zn2+ >H+ >Al3+>Mg2+ >Na+ >Ca2+ >K+
???????????S2- >I- >Br >Cl- >OH- >????
???????????????????????????Pt?Au???
4??????????????1????????????????????
?2?????????????????????????3?H?O????????? ???Na2CO3?AlCl3?????? 3 CO32- + 2Al3+ + 3H2O = 2Al(OH)3? + 3CO2?
5???????????????1????????????????2????
????KCl???2KCl + 2H2O == H2?+ Cl2?+ 2KOH ???2KCl + 2H2O == H2?+ Cl2?+ 2KOH
6?????????????????????????1????????????????2???????????????????3???????????????
???????????Pb + PbO2 + 2H2SO4 = 2PbSO4 + 2H2O ????????(??)??????? ???????? Pb 2e- ? PbSO4 PbO2 +2e- ? PbSO4
????????????????? ??? ???Pb + SO42- -2e- = PbSO4
??? PbO2 + 4H+ + SO42- +2e- = PbSO4 + 2H2O
?????????????????????????????
?? ???PbSO4 +2e- = Pb + SO42- ???PbSO4 + 2H2O -2e- = PbO2 + 4H+ + SO42-
7??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????? ??????????????????????????
8??????????????????????????
9??????????? >???? >???? ??????????? Si?SiC ?SiO2=????? ????????????????????? ??? > SiC > Si ????????Si> C> O?.
10??????????????????????????????????
11????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????
12?????MnO4- >Cl2 >Br2 >Fe3+ >I2 >S=4(+4??S) ?? I2 +SO2 + H2O = H2SO4 + 2HI
13???Fe3+????????? 14??????????H2O ?NH3 ?HF?CH3CH2OH ?
15????????????????1??????????????????1???????????98%?????????1.84g/cm3?
16?????????1???????????????2????????????3?????????????4????????[Fe(SCN)2?Fe(SCN)3?Ag(NH3)+?[Cu(NH3)4]2+ ?]??5?????????
17??????????????? Al ???????????O HClO4(???)?????
18?????????Hg (-38.9C),???????W??3410c????????????K??????????Pt?
19????PH???5.6????????
20????????????? >?? >??? >?? >?? >?? >HCO3-
21?????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
22??????????????????????????????????
23???????????????????????????????????????CO2?H2O??O2?????????????????????CO2?H2O??O2??
24????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????[CCl4???????CS2??????????????????????????]?????????
25????????????????????????HCNH2O??????????????????????????Cu(OH)2??? ???????????CHO 2Ag
???????????????????? HCHO 4Ag ? + H2CO3
?????HCHO +4[Ag(NH3)2]OH = (NH4)2CO3 + 4Ag? + 6NH3 ?+ 2H2O
26??????????1????????2????????????3????
??????????Fe(OH)3?AgI???????????????????????????????????
27????????SO2?CO?NO2?NO???SO2?NO2?????
28????????????????????????????????????????????????????
29?????20C??????10????????1???????1???????0.01?????
30????????????2/3?????????????1%???????????????????????????C?H????
31?????C???2%4.3% ???C???0.03%2% ?????NaCl???MgCl2? CaCl2???MgCl2????????????HNO3???????????NaOH????????????
32??????????????????1?????????????????
??
????????????
?1????????? ?Al?Si?OH???H2? ?????2Al?2NaOH?2H2O?2NaAlO2?3H2??1? ? ?Si?2NaOH?H2O?Na2SiO3?2H2?????2????NH4???NH3??H2O
2?????????
???HCl???H2????H2SO4????SO2????????HNO3??NO2??NO???????HSO4?1? ??????SO2??CO2?????2??C??HNO? 3???????NO2??CO2????????H2SO4??????SO2?????S??HNO3??????SO2??NO2?????H?CO32??HCO3?????CO2? ??2?H???H2S??2?????S?HS???
?2? H?SO3?HSO3?????SO2???
3?Na2S2O3???????????????S2O32-+2H+=S?+SO2?+H2O
4?????????
??2Na?2H2O?2NaOH?H2?
?1??? ???2F2?2H2O?4HF?O2?
?2Na2O2?2H2O?4NaOH?O2?? ?Mg3N2?3H2O?3Mg?OH?2??2NH3??2???? ??Al2S3?6H2O?2Al?OH?3??3H2S? ?CaC?2HO?Ca?OH??CH? 22222?
5??????
2O?CO32?HCO3??H???CO2??Al?OH?3??2OAl3???S2?HS??H???H2S??Al?OH?3??H2O?AlO????Al?OH?3?2?????
6?????????????
?1????Al ?2?????Al2O3?Al(OH)3?????????????????? CO2??O2??Na2CO3?????7??Na2O2?? H2O???O2??NaOH???
8?2FeCl3+H2S=2FeCl2+S?+2HCl
9??? ?H2O??????H2??O2??? ???Al?O2??Al2O3??????? ???NaCl??????NaOH?Cl2??H2???
??10??????Al+???????????+Al2O3
11? Al3+ Al(OH)3 AlO2-
12??????2H2S+SO2=3S+2H2O
4NH3+6NO????4N2+6H2O
13???????1?????? ??1.??????????2.????
?????H2O??H????H2???????Na?Mg?Fe??2??????? ??2Mg?CO2??????2MgO?C? ?2F2?2H2O?4HF?O2???? ??Si?2CO?2C?SiO2????3???????? ????CO?H2?C?H2O?? ?Cl(Br?I)?HS?S?2HCl?HBr?HI?2?222 ????????H2O?H2?????????4??????? ????C?????????????CO2?
14???????????
? ???+???+?????Cl2+H2O?H2S+O2??NH3+O2?CH4+O2?Cl2+FeBr2 ? ???+???+??NH3+NO?H2S+SO2 ?Na2O2+H2O?NaH+H2O? Na2O2+CO2?CO+H2O
? ???+?????PCl3+Cl2 ?Na2SO3+O2 ?FeCl3+Fe ?FeCl2+Cl2?CO+O2?Na2O+O2
14??????
15???????2??3???????
??NH4HCO3[(NH4)2CO3]???NH3??CO2??H2O???1??? ?NH4HSO3[(NH4)2SO3]???NH3??SO2??H2O
? ?NHHS[(NH)S]???NH3??H2S?442? ??2Cu(NO3)2???2CuO?4NO2??O2???2???? ?????2Ag?2NO2??O2??2 AgNO3?16??????
O2O22O?1?A???B???C?H???D(???)
O2O22O?NH???????NO???NO2?H???HNO3 3O2O22O?H2S???????SO2???SO3?H???H2SO4
O2O22O?C???????CO???CO2?H???H2CO3
O2O22O?Na???????Na2O???Na2O2?H???NaOH
???????B???
???????????????
????????????
??????? ???? ? ?
????-?????-???-??? F2-???? Cl2-??? Br2-???? I2-???
??-???? ??-????-????-????-???-????? NO2-???N2O4-??Na2O2-??? FeO-??Fe2O3-??? Fe3O4-?? MnO2-?? CuO-?? Cu2O-?? HgO-??Ag2O-??? ??? Fe(OH)2-?? Fe(OH)3-??? Cu(OH)2-??
?KMnO4 ??? FeS-??FeS2-?? CuS-?? Cu2S-?? HgS-??PbS-??
FeCl3-???FeSO47H2O-?? CuCl2-??? CuSO45H2O-??CuSO4-??
Cu2(OH)2CO3-??AgCl-??AgBr-??? AgI-??Ag2CO3??Ag3PO4 ??????????Cu2+-?? Fe2+-??? Fe3+-??? MnO4--??? [CuCl4]2--?? Fe(SCN)2-??
???? Na+-?? K+-??(???????)
?:(1)Fe(OH)2??Fe(OH)3?????????? (2)CuCl2??????,??????? ?1 ????????(????)??
?? ?? ??????? ????? ????
? ??? ??? ???
? ??? ??????????????
? ??? ???????? ?????
?:(1)????????????????????;??????CCl4?CS2?,???????
(2)??:??
?2 ???????????
??? PH????? ????
??? 3.1?4.4 ?? ??(pH?3.1) ??(pH?4.4) ? ? 5.0?8.0 ?? ??(pH?5.0) ??(pH?8.0) ? ? 8.2?10.0 ?????(pH?8.2) ??(pH?10.0) ?:(1)??????????;???????????
(2)pH??(??)????,?????
? 3 pH??:??????;???????;??????,????,????;????
??,????,????.
??????:??(????????)
??????:??(????????)
+
????:??(???????) KI????:??(????????
?)
??
1.??????(??NO2)???,????(???Fe3+)????
2.???(???Br2)???,????(???NO2)????(??).
3.????????????????????????(??)? 4.???Fe?????(??)?5.I2??????????? 6.????????????? ??????
1.CaO-???2.??-???3.??-?? 4.???-?? 5.??-??? 6.??-?? 7.??-?? 8.????-??9.NaCl-??10.NaHCO3-???
11.CO2(s)-??12.Na2CO3-????? 13.NaOH-????????? 14.SiO2-?????15.CuSO45H2O-????? 16. ??-???????????17.Ca(OH)2 -???????18.CaCO3-???????19.Na2SiO3???-???????20.KAl(SO4)212H2O-?? ?????????
1.???AgI????????5.????????????? 7.?????
9.SO2?????????H2SO4
2.AgBr??????4.???????,?????
6.?????
8.????????????
3+
3.K?Na??(l)????????
10.????????????
11.???????????12.????(HClO)?????? 13.Na2O2????????????14.????????????????
15.?????????????????? 16.???C?E?????17.H2O2?????????????????????
18.O3???(???)????????????(?????)
19.??????????????????????????(??); 20.NaHCO3?Al(OH)3??????,NaHCO3????????????
21.Na2CO3??????????????????,?????????????? 22.SiO2??????(??),?????????????????????????
?????? 23.???????????????????????
24.??????????????????,???????????.??????
?????????????????????????????????????????,?????????????????
29.?????(????)??????,??????????;?????????
?????
30.?????????,???????,?????;?????,????????
??,??????,????????,????????????????????????????????????????;?????
??????
31.?????????????????????????????? ???????
1.???: ??Hg ??SiO2 ???H2O ??D2O ???T2O ???H218O
2.????
???Na2SiO3???? ??????????? ???H2O2???? ????(NH3?NH3H2O?H2O);??(NH4+?OH?H+) ????(Cl2?HClO?H2O);??(H+?Cl?ClO?OH) ?????????0.9%?NaCl?? ???HNO3:?HCl=1:3(???????)
?????????????MgCl2?CaCl2?NaCl???MgSO4??
???????????(2CaOSiO2)?????(3CaOSiO2)?????(3CaOAl2O3) ??????Ca?Mg?? ???????????Ca?Mg??
????????Ca(HCO3)2?Mg(HCO3) 2??,????????????(??)? ????????Ca?Mg??????????,?????????????? ?????????????????????
???????
1.???:???H2?O2 ???CO?H2 ???CO2 ??N2O??(?)?
CO CO2 N2
2.???:???C1~C4???? ??????????. ???CH?CH,????H2S?PH3?
????????CH4?????H2S????????????????????? ???C1~C4?????????????CH2=CH2?CH3CH=CH2?CH2=CHCH=CH2?H2??
???H2?CH4?CO??
???????????????
160:CuSO4Fe2O3Br2100:CaCO3 KHCO3 Mg3N298:H2SO4 H3PO4 Cu(OH)2 80:CuO SO3 Br NH4NO3
40:Ar Ca MgO NaOH 44:C3H8 CO2 N2O 56:Fe CaO KOH 64:SO2 Cu28:N2 C2H4 CO
1.????????
Na2O2:78Na2CO3:106NaHCO3:84Na2SO4:142BaSO4:233Al(OH)3:78C6H12O6:180 2.????
5.6L0.25 mol2.8L0.125 mol15.68L0.7 mol 20.16L0.9 mol16.8L0.75 mol ??10??18??14??22??38??????? 1.10?????Ne HF H2O NH3 CH4
N3(?)?O2(?)?F?Na+?Mg2+?Al3+ OH NH2 H3O+ NH4+ 2.18?????Ar F2 HCl H2S PH3 H2O2 SiH4 CH3F N2H4 CH3OH CH3NH2 CH3CH3 K Ca Cl SHS
3.14????:N2 CO C2H2 Si C22-16????: S O2 C2H4
-22????:CO2 N2O N3 BeF2 38????:CS2 Na2O2 Na2S Ca(OH)2 CaF2 BeCl2?????
1.????????????1~100nm???????
2.????:??????(???????) ???(?????????????????)
???(??????) ?????(????????)
+
2+
2
2+
2+
2+
2+
2+
2+
3.????:??(???????). ???????????
Cl2?NaClO?Ca(ClO)2 ?HClO;Na2O2?CaO2 ?H2O2;O3;?HNO3?????????????
SO2???????????; ????????????
???????????????????Cl2(HClO)??HNO3?Na2O2
??????
1.????????????????????????????????,????
?? ???????? 2.?????????????????????,??????????,?????
??,???????????
3.??????????????????????????,???????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
4.????????(?N?P?K????????)??,???????,????? 5.????????(?N?P?K????????)??,???????,????? 6.????????????????????????????????,?pH??
??5.6????SO2???????????,?????????????????????????
7.??????????????????CO??????????????????
??????????,??????????????????????
8.?????????????????????????(HCHO)??;???????
???????(Rn);?????????????
9.???????????????????????????????,??????
??????(????????)???????(???????????)?????,????????????????????
????????????????? (1)???
a.???????;b.??????????????????????????;
c.?????????????; d.?????????????????????; e.?????????; f.???????;???????????
g.?????????????? h.????????????????????; i.??????????; (2)???
a.??????????; b.??????????4????
c.?????????????3???? d.??????????????????????
e.?????????????????8?????????;
f.?????????10e??(H2O)??? g.???????????18e??(H2O2)???;
h.???????,????(H2O2)?????????;
i.?????????????1:1?1:2???????????;
?
?
g.?????????????????1:1???????????; k.?????????????????????????????????; (3)???
a.??????????3????; b.?????????????2????;
c.?????????????2/3???; d.????????????; e.??????????????(C2H2)???; f.??????????????(CO2)????
g.?????????????10????(CH4)???;
h.??????????????????????????; (4)???
a.??????????;b.???????????????; c.???????????????????d.??????,???????????????
e.?????????????10????(NH3)???; f.????????(NH3)????????????????; (5)???
a.???????????????3???? b.??????????????2??????
c.??????????????????????????????; d.??????????????????????????;
e.???????????????,????????????????2?,????????????????????2?;
f.?????????18????(H2S??)???; g.???????????????????????? (6)???
a.??????????????1?????? b.?????????18????(HCl)???
c.?????????????; d.?????KI??????,????????
e.????????????????,????????;????????????
????,???????????;
f.???????,?????????????????????????????; g.?????????????????????;
h.???????????(?pH??)??,????????; (7)???
a.?????????;?????????;??????????; b.??????????????;???????????????;
c.?????????????????;
d.?????????????????????????????????????; e.??????????????????????????????????????
?????????;
f.????????????,????????????????;
???(???)?????????????(?)
?????????????
???? ?????
????????? ?????a2CO3????NaHCO3 ????Na2S2O3 ????????CaSO4.2H2O????2CaSO4.H2O ???CaF2 ????BaSO4???????NH4HCO3 ????????CaCO3 ????CaO ???NaCl ????????Ca(OH)2 ???Na2SO47H2O (???) ??????????NaOH ???FaSO47H2O???CO2 ???KAl (SO4)212H2O ????Ca (ClO)2 ?CaCl????? ???MgSO47H2O??????CuSO45H2O 2????H2O2 ???ZnSO47H2O ??????SiO2???Al2O3 ????????????Na2SiO3 ??????Fe2O3????Fe3O4 ????????FeS2 ???????Cu2 (OH)2CO3 ????FeCO3 ????Cu2O ?????Ca (OH)2?CuSO4 ?????Ca (OH)2?S ????????Na2SiO3?CaSiO3?SiO2 ???????????Ca (H2PO4)2?CaSO4 ????????????Ca (H2PO4)2 ????????????????CH4 ????CO?H2 ????????????Fe (NH4)2 (SO4)2 ????????
??????NO2????????????? ????HNO3??HCl????1?3?????
????Al + Fe2O3??????? ???CO?NH2) 2 ?????
???CHCl3???CaC2 ????C2H2 (??) TNT?????? ?
?????C2H5OH
??????????????????O3?? ????????? CH3COOH ?????????????????????H2S?CO2?CO?? ?????? ?C3H8O3
???????????H2?CH4????CO?? ?????? ????? HCHO
?????35%40%??????????? HCOOH
????C6H12O6???C6H12O6???C12H22O11????C12H22O11 ????C6H10O5?n
????C17H35COOH???C17H33COOH ????C15H31COOH
?????? HOOCCOOH ????????????????CO2????KMnO4????????? ??
?????????????????????? Fe2+??? Fe3O4????
Fe(OH)2????Fe3+?? Fe (OH)3????? Fe (SCN)3?????
FeO????? Fe (NH4)2(SO4)2????Fe2O3????? FeS????
????????Cu2+??CuO??Cu2O?? CuSO4??????CuSO45H2O?? Cu2 (OH)2CO3 ??Cu(OH)2??[Cu(NH3)4]SO4?????
BaSO4 ?BaCO3 ?Ag2CO3 ?CaCO3 ?AgCl ? Mg (OH)2 ???????????
Al(OH)3 ?????? H4SiO4???????????
Cl2?????? F2??????Br2?????? I2?????
HF?HCl?HBr?HI????????????????
CCl4????????????????? KMnO4--??MnO4-??
Na2O2????? Ag3PO4????S????AgBr?????AgI????O3?????SO2???????????????SO3???????44.8 0C? ?????? ????HF????N2O4?NO???? NO2????? NH3????????????? ???
1?????????????Ba(OH)2?NH4Cl???????
2?Na?H2O??????????????????????????(?????????)
3??????Na ???K?????????????Cu ???Ca???Na+?????K+?????
4?Cu??Cl2?????????? 5?H2?Cl2???????????6?Na?Cl2??????????? 7?P?Cl2?????????????8?SO2??????????????????
9?NH3?HCl??????????10????????????????
???
11?????????????????CO2??????????MgO???????
12????Cl2??????????? 13?HF?????4HF + SiO2 ? SiF4 + 2H2O
14?Fe(OH)2???????????????????????15??????Fe?Al ??H2SO4??HNO3????
16??????????????FeCl3???????????????????
17??????HNO3???????????????
18????????S???????? H2????? H2S?????
CO???? CH4????????? S?O2????????????
??????[Fe(OH)3] 19????????????[Fe(OH)2]???20???????S?Na2O2?AgBr
21????????????SO2???????????Cl2??????????
22??????Fe2+??????Fe3+?????Cu2+?????MnO4-???? ????????Cu?Cu2O?Fe2O3?????[Fe(OH)3] ???CuO?FeO?FeS?CuS?Ag2S?PbS?
??[Cu(OH)2] ???AgI?Ag3PO4? ??[Fe(0H)2?CaCO3?BaSO4?AgCl?BaSO3]
?????Cl2??????NO2?????
?? ???????????
1???????????? 2???????????????
3???????????????????
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
Au3+ >Ag+>Hg2+ >Cu2+ >Pb2+ >Fa2+ >Zn2+ >H+ >Al3+>Mg2+ >Na+ >Ca2+ >K+???????????S2- >I- >Br >Cl- >OH- >????
???????????????????????????Pt?Au???4??????????????1?????????????????????2?????????????????????????3?H?O?????????
???Na2CO3?AlCl3?????? 3 CO32- + 2Al3+ + 3H2O = 2Al(OH)3? + 3CO2?
5???????????????1????????????????2???? ????KCl???2KCl + 2H2O == H2?+ Cl2?+ 2KOH ???2KCl + 2H2O == H2?+ Cl2?+ 2KOH
6?????????????????????????1????????????????2???????????????????3???????????????
???????????Pb + PbO2 + 2H2SO4 = 2PbSO4 + 2H2O ????????(??)???????
???????? Pb 2e- ? PbSO4 PbO2 +2e- ? PbSO4
????????????????? ??? ???Pb + SO42- -2e- = PbSO4
??????????????????
?????http://www.850500.com/news/68306.html
?????,??! |
|
发表于 2019-9-13 23:46:11