|
|
??????????????????????
???????????????????
??????
1????????????????????? 2?????????
3?????????????? 4???????????? ??????
????????????????????????????????
4.1
???????????????
4.2
??
??????????? ?????????
????????????
??? ???????????????
?
????????????????????????????????
4.3
?? ?????????????????
??????
??????
?????????????????????4.3????????
4.4
??4.4???????
?
?????????????
?
??????
4.5
??4.5???????????t???x??c0??????????????????k2??????????????????????????????????CH3COONa
+--?????????????Na??????OH??????CH3COO?????????
--??????OH?????CH3COO????????????????????????G????????k2?
??????????????x???????
4.6
4.7
??
?
???????
??? ???????
?????????4.6???4.7??????4.5????
????
4.8
?????
??? ??????
??
?
???????????????????? ???
????????
????????????????
?
?????4.4???????????? ????????
1???
????(?DJS-1?????)1?????1??????1????1?????(10ml)3???????(200ml)1?? 2???
NaOH???(0.0200moldm-3)?????(A.R.)????? ??????
1. ????
-1
???NaOH????(?0.0200 mol L)??????????????:?????
-1
???????????????250mL0.0200 mol L (?NaOH??????)???????????????????V????l mL?????V ml??????250 ml??
-1
???????????0.0200 mol L?????????
2. ?????
?????????(25.00.1)???(30.00.1)??? 3. ??????
4. ????????0???
-1
????200 ml?????????????50 ml 0.0200 mol L?NaOH ???????????????????????????????????????????? (???????2 cm)????15 min????????????????????????????????????????0?
5. ???????t???
-1
??????50 ml 0.0200 mol L?CH3COOC2H5??????200 mL???????
-1
????????50 ml 0.0200 mol L?NaOH????????200 ml?????????????????????15 min????????????????????????????????????????NaOH????????CH3COOC2H5??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????(??????)?????????kt??4 min?6 min?8 min?10 min?12 min?15 min?20 min?25 min?30 min?35 min?40 min??????????kt??????t?
6. ??????0?kt???
????????(35.00.1)???(40.00.1)???????4?5????????????o?kt??????t???????4 min?6 min?8 min?10 min?12 min?15 min?18 min?21 min?24 min?27 min?30 min???????????????????????????????????????? ??????????
1????
G0?Gt
?t,????????k?
Gt?G?
kT2kT1
?EaR
?T2?T1??? ?Ea?
?TT12?
2?????????k??ln
1????????????????????????????????????2?3?????????????????????????????????????
2?????????????????
3??????????????????????????????CO2??????2-?CO3?
4???????????????????? ?????
1????????????????????????????????????????
2???????????????????????????????????????
3?????????????????????????????????????????
4???????????????????????????k??????
??????????????????
?????????
????=25.00? ?0=1880?scmV????=10.00mL[????]=0.0200 mol/L VNaOH=10.00mL[NaOH]= 0.0200 mol/L
??????t?
?0??t
t
??,????m???m?
1
?????? kc0
?????m1=18.98
k1 =1/(mc0)=1/(18.980.0100) =5.27 L/(molmin) ??????k?298.2K?=?61?L/(molmin)
?????????35????????kT2???????????Ea?
????=35.00? ?0=2300?scm-1
V????=10.00mL [????]=0.0100 mol/L VNaOH=10.00mL[NaOH]= 0.0100 mol/L
?????m2=9.45
k2 =1/(mc0)=1/(9.450.0100) =10.58 L/(molmin) ??????k?308.2K?=?102?L/(molmin)
b.??????????? ?m1?1 , m2?1
k2c0k1c0?
k2m1
?k1m2
?ln
k2Ea11?(?) k1RT1T2
?ln
m1Ea11
?(?) m2RT1T2
m2T1?T2
?
m1T2?T1
Ea?R?ln
?
18.98308?298
?
9.45308?298
?53.21kJ/mol?8.314?ln
???????????
???????
??????????????????????
lgk??1780T-1?0.00754T?4.53
??T?298.2K??
lgk 1??1780298.2?0.00754298.2?4.53?0.809
?298.2K?????????k 1?6.442 L/(molmin) ???????????????????
5.27?6.442
?100%??18.2%
6.442
??T?308.2K??
lgk 2??1780308.2?0.00754308.2?4.53?1.078
?308.2K?????????k 2?11.967 L/(molmin) ?????????????????????ln
10.58?11.967
?100%??11.6%
11.967
k2Ea11?(?) k1RT1T2
lg
k2
?lgk2?lgk1?0.269 k1
k2
?10?0.269?1.858 k1
ln
k2
?ln1.858?0.619 k1
k2T1?T2
?
k1T2?T1
308?298 308?298
Ea?R?ln
?8.314?0.619??47.3kJ/mol
?????
53.2?47.3
?100%?12.4%
47.3
???????
?????????????????NaOH???????????25??35??????????????????????5.27 L/(molmin)? 10.58 L/(molmin)???????????????-18.2%?-11.6%???????????????53.2 kJ/mol?????????????12.4%?
?????????????????????????????? ???????????????k???????????????????????????????????????0.2??????????????????
?????????????????????????NaOH?????????????????0.0200mol/L????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????NaOH?????????CO2???NaOH?????????????????
???????????OH?CO32????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????(a= b) ????????????????????????????????????????????a?b??????????,???????????????????????????
??a<b (1<ba?115) ??N aOH ????????????CH3COOC2H5???N aOH???????????????????????????a?b???????????????????????, ????????????????????
??a> b (1<ab?114) ?????????N aOH???????????CH3COOC2H5??????????????????????????????????????????????a> b???????????
???????
????????????????CH3COOC2H5?NaOH?????????????
????????k?????????kT+10?/kT=2~4??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????CH3COOC2H5?NaOH????????????????????k??
????k?
???tb(a?x)1
lna (a???????????????k???? x?0
t(a?b)a(b?x)?0???
????)?X?????????
? ?NaOH??????a?CH3COOC2H5?????b??a?b????
NaOH ?CH3CH3COONa?C2H5OH
t?0 a b00 t?t a?x b?x xx t??0b?a aa ????????????????????????: ?0?A1 a????A2 a??t?A1(a?x)?A2 x
A1?A2???????????NaOH?CH3COONa???????????
???t
a ?????????????x?0
?0???
? ?NaOH??????b?CH3COOC2H5?????a??a?b????
NaOH ?CH3COOC2H5 CH3COONa?C2H5OH
t?0 b a 00 t?t b?x a?xxx t?? b?a0 aa ????????????????????????: ?0?A1 b????A1(b?a )?A2 a??t?A1(b?x)?A2 x
???t
a ?????????????x?0
?0???
???????pH??????????????????????????
??
?????CH3COOC2H5?OH=CH3COO?C2H5OH?????????v=dx/dt=k(a-x)(b-x)?????????a=b???????????k=x/ta(a-x)??t?????pH????t???????OH-????????????????ct?OH-?=10pH-14??a-x=10pH-14?ka=[a-10pH-14]/[t10pH-14]??a-10pH-14?[t10pH-14????????????????m=ka??k=m/a?
???NaOH?CH3COOC2H5???????????????k??????
???????????????????????????????????????????
?
?????????NaOH?CH3COOC2H5??????0.0200 moldm3????????????????????????
??????
[1]?????.??????.??:???????,2001. [2]???.??????.??:???????,2007. [3]????.?????(???).???????,2008.
[4]???.??.??.??????????????????.????????.No14, 2001
??????????????????
????
????? ???????P? ????? ???_______________
???????????????????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????
1. ???????????????????????????? 2. ???????????????????????????? 3. ????????????????????????? ?????? ??????
A + B ? ?? ??A?B????????????a???????????
dx2
?1? ?k?a-x?
dt???x?t???????????1??????
?
? ?2? 1?x
k??
t?a(a?x)??
x
?t?????????????????????????????k?????????a?x
????????????????????????????????k? ???????????????????????
Edlnk
?a2 ?3? dTRT
???Ea????????????????????????????????k(T1)?k(T2)??????3?????????Ea?
Ea?ln
?T1T2? ?4? k(T2)
?R??T?T??k(T1)1??2
?????????????????????????
CH3COOC2H5?OH??CH3COO??C2H5OH
??????OH?????CH3COO????????????????????OH????????CH3COO
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
----
?0?A1a ?5? ???A2a ?6?
?t?A1(a?x)?A2x ?7?
???A1?A2???????????????????????????0??t???????t?????????????? ???5???7???
1
?
????????
??0??tx??????
??0
???(2)?????
???a ?8? ?
?t?
?????t?
1??0??t?????? ?9? ak?t?
?0??t
t
????????????????????????????????k?
???????????????k (T1)?k(T2)???????????Ea???????????????????????????????????
???????
?? DDS-llA?????1?????????1??????1??DJS-1?????1???????2?????1??100mL???1??20mL???3??0.2mL?????1?? ?? 0.0200mol/L?NaOH????????AR?????????????
??????
1. ???????????????????????????????????????????
???
2. ???????????????0.0200mol/L???????100mL????????????
??
?=924.54-1.168t-1.9510-3t2 ?10?
????t??????kg/m3???????????0.1762g? 3. ??
?1??0???????????30????????20mL0.200mol/L?NaOH??????????????20mLH2O??????????????????????????????????????????????10min????????????????????????????
?2??t????????????????????????????20mL0.200mol/L???????????????????????3??????????????????????????????????20mL0.200mol/LNaOH??????????10min?????????????????NaOH???????????????????????????????????20min???????
?3??????????40??????0??t?
?????????
???27.4??????101.78kPa?
2
T1=30.00?
?0=9.23? ?0=2.20103?s/cm a=0.01mol/L
?1 ??????????????????30.00??
??t/min 0
0.42 1.27 2.12 3.12 4.22 5.32 6.33 7.30 8.28 9.17 10.17 11.23 12.40 13.60 14.70
????t/?
9.25 9.10 8.87 8.67 8.48 8.31 8.16 7.98 7.87 7.73 7.64 7.54 7.45 7.35 7.23 7.18
?1 30.00??
? ~????/ t??
??0?t?/ t
0.310 0.283 0.264 0.240 0.218 0.201 0.197 0.186 0.181 0.173 0.166 0.159 0.152 0.147 0.139
???1??30.00?????0??t?????11.559min-1
t
?1/ak = 11.559min-1 k = 1 /?11.559 min-10.01mol/L? ???30??????????????8.65 Lmol-1min-1
3
t
=8.65 Lmol-1min-1
T2=40.00?
?0=10.68? ?0=2.54103?s/cm a=0.01mol/L
?2 ??????????????????40.00??
??t/min 0
1.25 2.45 3.50 4.97 6.07 7.03 8.10 9.18 10.57 11.68 12.95 14.05 15.05
????t/?
10.62 10.01 9.54 9.19 8.87 8.67 8.5 8.33 8.20 8.05 7.96 7.83 7.75 7.68
??0?t?/ t
0.536 0.465 0.426 0.364 0.331 0.310 0.290 0.270 0.249 0.233 0.220 0.209 0.199
?2 40.00??
? ~????/ t??
4
???2??40.00????0t?????6.850min-1
t
?1/ak = 6.850 mink = 1 /?6.850 min-10.01mol/L? ???40??????????????14.60 Lmol-1min-1
-1
t
=14.60 Lmol-1min-1
3. ????????????????
Ea?ln
?T1T2?k(T2)
??R???k(T1)?T2?T1?
k?303.15K?= 8.65 Lmol-1min-1 k?313.15K?= 14.60 Lmol-1min-1
Ea = ln?14.60 / 8.65?8.314?313.15303.15 / 10?
= 41315Jmol-1 =41.315kJmol-1
???????
1. ????
???????????????
?1?NaOH?????????????????????????
?2??????????NaOH ??????CO2??NaOH????? ?3???????????????????????????????? ?4?????????????????????????? 2. ????????????
?1? ?????????????????????
?2???NaOH???CH3COOC2H5???????????????????? ?3???????????????NaOH???????????CO2???? ?4????????????????????????????? ?5??????????????????????
5
????????????????????????????
?????http://www.850500.com/news/17432.html
?????,??! |
|
发表于 2019-9-13 23:46:11