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篇一:荔枝蜜
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教案设计
篇二:初二语文《荔枝蜜》(讲读)《斑羚飞渡》(自读)教案
初二语文《荔枝蜜》(讲读)《斑羚飞渡》(自读)教案
【同步教育信息】
一. 本周教学内容:
第9课《荔枝蜜》(讲读) 第11课《斑羚飞渡》(自读)
二. 重点、难点:
1. 了解借助联想托物抒情的方法,感悟文章抒发的情感。
2. 把握以对蜜蜂的感情变化为线索组织材料的方法,先抑后扬的写法。
3. 品味语言的艺术性,揣摩语言的准确性。
三. 学习过程:
(一)文学常识
1. 作者:杨朔(1913~1968),原名杨毓瑨,字莹叔,山东蓬莱县人。现代作家。1949年加入中国作家协会。抗美援朝时期,写出优秀长篇小说《三千里江》;此后写了大量散文。重要作品有《荔枝蜜》、《茶花赋》等。有《杨朔文集》和《杨朔散文选》等作品集。
2. 出处《杨朔散文选》
3. 文体;散文
4. 背景:杨朔是文坛上一再强调散文诗化理论,并认真实践,卓有成效地形成自己独特的风格的散文作家。他留给我们一百多篇散文,其中脍炙人口的精品近二十篇。《荔枝蜜》写于20世纪50年代,当时知识分子戴着“资产阶级”的帽子,他们最大的愿望就是摘掉这顶帽子,能够成为劳动人民的一部分。作者的“梦”就反映了这种愿望。但是这篇散文至今仍然有其思想价值。其思想价值,在市场经济条件下,尤其需要大力弘扬。用辛勤诚实的劳动,给人以美好的东西,这是市场经济最需要的。
(二)题目解说:
全文是写蜜蜂的,为什么课题不用“蜜蜂”而用“荔枝蜜”?因为“荔枝蜜”是促使“我”转变对蜜蜂的认识和感情的关键,更是引起联想,激发诗情的触发点,以之为题,使文章寓意更为鲜明,个性更为突出。
(三)结构层次:全文十九段,分为五部分。(以作者对蜜蜂的感情变化为线索)
第一部分(1)写作者过去对蜜蜂怀有成见,感情隔膜。
第二部分(2—5)写荔枝林的茂盛,荔枝的鲜美和荔枝蜜的甜香。
第三部分(6—17)参加养蜂大厦,写蜜蜂采花酿蜜的情景,以及对蜜蜂的赞美。 第四部分(18)从蜜蜂的采花酿蜜联想到农民的辛勤劳动,是为了建设社会主义新生活。
第五部分(19)作者梦见自己变成一只小蜜蜂,照应开头,前后呼应。
(四)主题:
本文通过对蜜蜂辛勤酿造甜美清香的荔枝蜜的记叙,赞美了建设美好生活而无私奉献的精神,表达了作者的建设新生活奉献一切的强烈愿望。
(五)生字、词
掐( ) 蜇( )
啖( )中看( ) .
嘤嘤( ) 蠕蠕( ) 酿蜜( ) 提防( ) ..
疙疙瘩瘩( )( ) ..
糟蹋( )( ) ..渺小( ) 黑黝黝( ) .沸沸扬扬( )( ) 分泌( ) ...
疙疙瘩瘩:这里是不愉快,不舒服的意思。
黑黝黝:深黑的样子。
沸沸扬扬:活动纷繁,非常热闹的样子。
蠕蠕:虫子慢慢爬动的样子。
中看:好看。中,有合适的意思。
出众:超出一般。
(六)写作特点:
1. 丰富的联想,拓宽文章内容,借物抒情,抒发对劳动人民的赞美之情。
本文出现了三次联想,一是由荔枝蜜的甜美想到生活的甜美;二是由蜜蜂沸沸扬扬的情景想到建设新生活;三是由荔枝蜜的酿造者蜜蜂想到幸福生活的建造者,劳动人民。蜜蜂辛勤酿蜜,对人无所求,给人的都是极好的东西;农民辛勤耕耘,为自己,为别人,也为后世子孙。它们的共同点是勤劳奉献。通过联想作者才实现了借蜜蜂这个“物”,抒发了对劳动人民无比敬仰的“情”。这正是借物抒情所在,也是融诗情、画意、哲理为一体的体现。
2. 先抑后扬的手法:
文章先写自己被蜇,对蜜蜂不大喜欢,后来由于吃荔枝蜜,参观养蜂场,改变了看法,最后以自己做梦变成小蜜蜂表达对蜜蜂的无比赞美之情,先抑后扬,印象深刻。
《斑羚飞渡》
一. 学习重点、难点:
1. 掌握文学常识及生字、词。
2. 理解文章生动的故事情节。
3. 体会文章真切细腻的描写中蕴含的强烈感情。
4. 文中环境描写的作用。
二. 学习过程:
(一)生字、解词:
斑羚( ) .
肌腱( ) .
飘渺( ) . 对峙( ) .逞能( ) . 蹿( )跳 .哀咩( ) . 斑斓( ) .湛蓝( ) .炫目( 迥然不同( ) ..
参差不齐()() 悲怆( ) 娴熟( ) ....
略胜一筹( ) 磐石( ) 眼花缭乱( ) ...
对峙:相对而立。
进退维谷:进退两难。谷:比喻困难的境地。
一尘不染:借指环境非常清洁。
迥然不同:形容差别很大。迥然,距离很远的样子。
参差不齐:长短高低不齐。
略胜一筹:比较起来,略微强一点儿。
眼花缭乱:眼睛看见复杂纷繁的东西而感到迷乱。
心甘情愿:心里愿意接受(吃苦,吃亏)。
秩序井然:十分有秩序。
(二)文章结构层次:
文章细致地记叙了斑羚陷入绝境时求生,自救的全过程。按情节分为四部分。
第一部分(1):斑羚被逼悬崖,无路可逃。
第二部分(2—9):斑羚惊慌失措。
第三部分(10—16):斑羚飞渡的情景。
第四部分(17)镰刀头羊走向死亡。
(三)主题:
这篇文章通过斑羚飞渡悬崖保存种群的壮举的记叙,歌颂了老斑羚为了拯救种群的自我牺牲的精神,赞扬了镰刀头羊临危不惧的英雄精神。
(四)写作特点:
1. 按时间顺序组织材料,安排故事情节,条理清晰,层次井然。
2. 环境描写推动情节发展,渲染气氛。
如:对伤心崖的描写,对彩虹的描写,都对推动故事情节的发展起了重要作用。
3. 插叙恰到好处,议论画龙点睛。文章在彩虹出现后,羚羊飞渡前插入了一段事后的领悟,便于引导读者想见头羊拯救种群的办法,飞渡之后的议论点明了文章的中心。
【模拟试题】
一. 基础知识:
1. 下列加点字注音有误的一组是( )
A. 中看(zhōng) 中风(zhòng) B. 应当(dāng) ...
C. 可恶(wù) .当然(dāng) .厌恶(è) D. 大厦(shà) 厦门(xià) ...
2. 下列书写有误的一组是( )
A. 掐花黝黑 耗近 嘤嘤
B. 提防渺小 疙瘩 酿蜜
C. 稀罕凭空 稳重 温泉
D. 老梁身量 环抱 供养
3. 结合语境解释加点词有误的一项是( )
A. 可是从此以后,每逢看见蜜蜂,感情上疙疙瘩瘩的,总不怎么舒服。 ....
疙疙瘩瘩:不平滑,不顺利。
B. 满树浅黄色的小花,并不出众。 ..
出众:超出一般。
C. ??成群结队的蜜蜂出出进进,飞去飞来,那沸沸扬扬的情景会使你想?? ....
沸沸扬扬:活动纷繁,非常热闹的样子。
D. 多可爱小生灵啊!对人无所求,给人的都是极好的东西。 ...
小生灵:小动物。
4. 选词填空:
(1)蜂王是黑褐色的,(身段、身量)特别长,每只(工蜂,公蜂)都愿意用自己分泌的王浆来供养它。
(2)叫他老梁,其实是个(青年,青年人),举动挺 (稳重,稳定)。
(3)住在温泉的人 (大多,多半)喜欢吃这种蜜,滋养 (身体、精神)。
(4)酿 (的、得)蜜多,自己吃的可(有限、极少)。
5. 指出下列句子各运用了什么修辞手法,写在后面的括号里。
(1)开花时节,那蜜蜂满野嘤嘤嗡嗡,忙得忘记早晚。( )
(2)自然界也有侵略者。( )
(3)苏东坡写过这样的诗句:“日啖荔枝三百颗,不辞长作岭南人。”( )
(4)从化的荔枝树多得像汪洋大海。( )
6. 下列说法有错误的一项是( )
A. 写记叙文,事情的起因、经过和结果构成记叙文的主要内容。
B. 无论顺叙、倒叙、插叙,都是为了更好的记叙人物、事件而运用的。应该根据不同的内容采取不同的方法。
C. 写记叙文,围绕中心选择材料,还要根据表达中心意思的需要考虑哪些材料是主要的,要详写;哪些材料是次要的,要略写。
D. 描写可分为两类:一是人物描写,包括肖像、语言、动作等;一是环境描写包括自然环境和社会环境。
二. 阅读理解:
(一)阅读下面语段,完成文后练习。
荔枝也许是世上最鲜最美的水果。苏东坡写过这样的诗句:“日啖荔枝三百颗,不辞长作岭南人。”可见荔枝的妙处。偏偏我来得不是时候,荔枝刚开花。满树浅黄色的小花,并不出众。新发的嫩叶,颜色淡红,比花倒还中看些。从开花到果子成熟,大约得三个月,看来我是等不及在这儿吃鲜荔枝了。
吃鲜荔枝蜜,倒是时候。有人也许没听说这稀罕物儿吧?从化的荔枝树多得像汪洋大海,开花时节,那蜜蜂满野嘤嘤嗡嗡,忙得忘记早晚。荔枝蜜的特点是成色纯,养分多。住在温泉的人多半喜欢吃这种蜜,滋养身体。热心肠的同志送给我两瓶。一开瓶子塞儿,就是那么一股甜香;调上半杯一喝,甜香里带着股清气,很有点鲜荔枝的味儿。喝着这样的好蜜,你会觉得生活都是甜的呢。
1. “苏东坡写过这样的诗句:‘日啖荔枝三百颗,不辞长作岭南人。’”这里的修辞手法,目的是为了说明 。
2. “从化的荔枝树多得像汪洋大海,开花时节,那蜜蜂满野嘤嘤嗡嗡,忙得忘记早晚。”这句话运用了 、的修辞方法,勾勒出了。
3. 以上第一段文字写荔枝果是为了( )。
A. 表现荔枝果的鲜美B. 突出苏轼诗的优美意境
C. 渲染下文荔枝蜜的甜香 D. 表达“我”对蜜蜂感情的变化
4. 第一段文字写了荔枝的花,说它“并不出众”,“出众”的意思是了下文的 。
5. 从观察角度看,以上文字写颜色的句子是,写声音的句子的句子是 。
6. 以上文字中一些副词的运用极为准确。文中两处用了“也许”这个词,表示的意思,如果去掉,就变成 。因为这是作者个人的感受,并不是肯定的判断与科学的鉴别。
(二)阅读下面文段回答问题。
我不禁一颤:多可爱的小生灵啊!对人无所求,给人的却是极好的东西。蜜蜂是在酿蜜,又是在酿造生活;不是为自己,而是为人类酿造最甜的生活。蜜蜂是渺小的,蜜蜂却又多么高尚啊!
透过荔枝树林,我望着远远的田野,那儿正有农民立在水田里,辛勤地分秧插秧。他们正用劳力建设自己的生活,实际也是在酿蜜——为自己,为别人,也为后世子孙酿造生活的蜜。
这天夜里,我做了个奇怪的梦,梦见自己变成一只小蜜蜂。
1. 文段中借赞美蜜蜂歌颂了辛勤劳动的人民,这里运用的表现手法是( )
A. 象征 B. 映衬C. 对比D. 借物喻人
2. 画线句子中“渺小”与“高尚”看起来好像矛盾,实际并不矛盾,因为“渺小”是从蜜蜂的来说的,而“高尚”则是从蜜蜂的 来说的。
3. 在文段中用波浪线画出揭示全文主旨的句子。
答:
4. 结尾以“梦”收束全文,有什么好处?
答:
(三)阅读短文,完成1—6小题:
午后,我在靠墙的地方发现一只蜘蛛,便抬起腿来,想把它踩死。我之所以讨厌蜘蛛,是因为无论在什么地方,它都会张起网来捕捉小虫。大小蛛网上挂着小虫的残骸。无论是怎样清洁的房子,一有了蛛网,就会令人生厌,令人觉得这个房子里的主人不勤于打扫,因此,每当我拿了扫帚或是竹竿清理隐藏在角落里的蛛网时,总是生气地想把它们赶尽杀绝。
不知是一种什么意念,我抬起的脚竟没有踩下去。它那样吃力地爬着,它奋斗的意志,是那样坚忍。单凭这一点,我便不该有伤害它的心理。无论如何,蜘蛛也是大自然中的一分子。虽然它不受人们的重视,可是它也应该有生存下去的权利,不是吗?它到处结网原是和我们人类一样,只是为了经营生活,我怎能够对它心存厌恶呢?于是我找来一根竹竿,把它从地面挑起来,送到干净的地方。我这个举动,起先一定使它大为惊恐,它一定以为自己是死定了,可是等我把它放到干净的地方,它又似乎有点迷惑起来的样子。我好像觉得它回过头来,奇怪的望着我,似乎是怀着感激的心情,然后便安稳地爬走了。我静静地看着它爬走的背影,那神态,使我心中忽然感到无比的舒坦。
不知道为什么,我以前只看到蜘蛛会令我讨厌的一面,从没有发现它也有可爱的一面。它那不屈不挠的精神,那巧妙地织成的网,在满天晚霞的衬托下,是多么动人啊!大自然里隐藏着纯洁和恩惠,我竟然都把它给忽略了。直到这一刻,我才深深地领悟到:太阳、风雨、草叶、昆虫??全都是造物者为了愉悦我们而安排和使其存在的,问题只是我们持什么样的 和去欣赏,如何去和 它罢了。
1. 把“爱惜”、“角度”、“心情”、“发现”四个词分别填入文中的横线处。
2. 第1段中写“讨厌蜘蛛”的原因是什么?(按原文语句回答)
答: 3. 第2段中“单凭这一点,我便不该有伤害它的心理。”“这一点”是指又对蜘蛛有了进一步理解的原因是: 。
4. 第3段中,蜘蛛可爱的一面表现在哪些方面?
答:
5. 你对文章结尾的一句话是怎样理解的?
篇三:第六讲 散文的翻译风格-荔枝蜜
第六讲 散文的翻译风格-荔枝蜜
《荔枝蜜》
花鸟草虫,凡是上得画的,那原物往往也叫人喜爱。蜜蜂是画家的爱物,我却总不大喜欢。说起来可笑。孩子时候,有一回上树掐海棠花,不想叫蜜蜂螫了一下,痛得我差点儿跌下来。大人告诉我说:蜜蜂轻易不螫人,准是误以为你要伤害它,才螫;一螫,它自己耗尽生命,也活不久了。我听了,觉得那蜜蜂可怜,原谅它了。可是从此以后,每逢看见蜜蜂,感情上疙疙瘩瘩的,总不怎么舒服。
A: The subjects of atists’paintings – flowers, birds, grass and insects – are also found attractive by most people. However, although bees, are a popular feature in paintings, I do not like them. The reason behind this is quite funny. In my childhood, I once climbed a crabapple tree to pick some flowers and unexpected was stung by a bee. It was o painful that I almost fell off the tree. The grown-ups told me that bees do not ordinarily sting people, but do so only when they feel threatened. And soon after they sting you, they die. After hearing this, I took pity on the bee and forgave it. But since then, whenever I see a bee, I feel all knotted inside and very uncomfortable.
B: Flowers, birds, grass and insects are lovely objects often appearing in paintings. Ridiculously I don’t like bees though they are often depicted by artists. When a child I climbed up a cherry-tree to pick some flowers and nearly fell off from a bee sting. Grownups told me that bees never stung unless they believed they were in danger, and when they did they died afterwards too. I forgave the bee for its sorrowful end. Nevertheless, the very sight of it always gave me an awkward feeling since then.
C: Flowers, birds, grass and insects which are popular with painters, are usually delightful things. Yet I never had much liking for bees though they often appear in paintings. The reason is laughable. One day when I was a child I climbed a cherry-tree to pick some blossom and got stung by a bee and the pain nearly made me fall off. Grownups told me that bees never stung unless they were afraid you were going to hurt them, and stinging someone would cost a bee its own life. When I heard that, I felt sorry for the bee and forgave it. Still, after that, the sight of a bee always filled me with misgivings.
今年四月,我到广东从化温泉小住了几天。四围是山,怀里抱着一潭春水,那又浓又翠的景色,简直是一幅青绿山水画。刚去的当晚,是个阴天,偶尔倚着楼窗一望,奇怪啊,怎么楼前凭空涌起那么多黑黝黝的小山,一重一重的,起伏不断?记得楼前是一片比较平坦的园林,不是山。这到底是什么幻景呢?赶到天明一看,忍不住笑了。原来是满野的荔枝树,一棵连一棵,每棵的叶子都密得不透缝,黑夜看去,可不就像小山似的!
A: Last April I went to Conghua Hot-spring in Guangdong for a few days’ stay. The spring was encircled by hills, thick with greenery, a regular painting of blue hills and green waters. It was a cloudy evening when I arrived. I happened to look out the window and was surprised by the sight of dark little mounds outside the window. One after another, crowding together, they turned the grounds outside, which I remembered as level, into hilly land. What was this mysterious scene? I wondered. The next day I took a
quick look and broke out laughing. What I had seen were lychee trees that grew so close together and with such thick leaves that they looked like little mounds in the evening.
B: Last April, I went for a short stay in the Conghua Spa, Guangdong Province in the south of China. Beautiful as a landscape painting, the spa was a pool of clear spring water surrounded on all sides by verdant mountains. I arrived in an overcast evening. Looking out of the window by chance I was astonished to see layers upon layers of rolling dark hills rising before me. My memory had it that the hotel building faced a garden, not hills. Was that an illusion? I had to laugh next morning when I looked again at a wide stretch of lychee trees, with sense foliage. They resembled small hills in the dark.
C: Last April, I went for a short stay in the Conghua Hot Spring, Guandong. Beautiful as a traditional blue-and-green landscape painting, the spring was a pool of clear spring water surrounded on all sides by verdant mountains. I arrived one overcast evening. Happening to look out of the window I was astonished to see undulating dark hills looming tier after tier before me. The view from the Guest House, as I remembered it, was of a level garden, not of hills. Had my eyes played me false? I had to laugh the next morning when I looked again and saw a wide stretch of lychee trees with dense foliage. They had resembled small hills in the dark.
荔枝也许是世上最鲜最美的水果。苏东坡写过这样的诗句:“日啖荔枝三百颗,不辞长作岭南人”,可见荔枝的妙处。偏偏我来的不是时候,满树刚开着浅黄色的小花,并不出众。新发的嫩叶,颜色淡红,比花倒还中看些。从开花到果子成熟,大约得三个月,看来我是等不及在从化温泉吃鲜荔枝了。
A: Lychee is perhaps the sweetest and tastiest fruit in the world. Su Dongpo (1037-1101) wrote:
Were I to eat three hundred lychees each day, To become a Lingman native I shan’t fuse.
From this you can see the marvel of lychees, that they could impel even a mandarin like Su Dongpo to wish to live in the then comparatively desolate provinces of Guangdong and Guangxi, which were known as Lingnan in those days. Unfortunately, I did not come at the right time. The trees were full of small, light yellow flowers, not very pretty, not even as pretty as the pink, tender leaves that had just sprouted. I would take about three more months for the fruit to ripen. It looked as though I would not be able to stay long enough in Conghua to eat fresh lychees.
B: Lychee is perhaps the most delicious fruit in the world. Su Dongpo, an ancient Chinese poet wrote, “I’m willing to stay for even in Lingnan, eating three hundred lychees a day.” This showed how much the fruit was catered after. I had come at a time hwen the small yellow flowers, less attractive than the pale red leaves, were just blossoming when the fruit ripened three months later. So I wouldn’t be eating lychees here.
C: Lychee is perhaps the most delicious fruit in the world. Su Dongpo, an ancient Chinese poet wrote, “I would gladly stay for ever in Lingnan, eating three hundred lychees a day.”This indicated how much the fruit was sought after. I had come at a time
when the small and light yellow flowers, less attractive than the pink leaves, were just beginning to blossom. I would take another tree months for the fruit to ripen, so I would not be eating fresh lychees here this time.
吃鲜荔枝蜜,倒是时候。有人也许没听说这稀罕物儿吧?从化的荔枝树多得像汪洋大海,开花时节,那蜜蜂满野嘤嘤嗡嗡,忙得忘记早晚,有时还趁着月色采花酿蜜。荔枝蜜的特点是成色纯,养分多。住在温泉的人多半喜欢吃这种蜜,滋养精神。热心肠的同志为我也弄到两瓶。一开瓶子塞儿,就是那么一股甜香;调上半杯一喝,甜香里带着股清气,很有点鲜荔枝味儿。喝着这样的好蜜,你会觉得生活都是甜的呢。
A: But it was the right time to eat lychee honey. Maybe there are people who have never heard of this rare food. In Conghua, lychees grow into an ocean. During the blomming season, bees buzz about everywhere from morning till night, sometimes even under the moonlight. The speciality to lychee honey is its purity and its rich nourishment. Those who live by the hotspring like the honey for its nourishment. A warm-hearted comrade got tow jars for me. As soon as I opened one of them, the fragrance surged out. Stirring some of the honey into half a glass of water, I found a freshness to its sweet taste, very much like lychee. To drink such good honey makes you feel that life is indeed sweet.
B: It was the best time for lychee honey though. Maybe some people had not heard of this rarity? At flowering time, bees buzzed all over the ocean of lychee trees in Conghua, gathering nectar from from dawn till dusk and under the moonlight too. The honey they produce were pure and nutritious. The local people all like this honey for a tonic. A warm-hearted friend got me two bottles too. A sweet aroma emitted as soon as the bottle was open. Mixed with water it tasted like fresh lychee, fragrant and delicate, sweetening the life for one sipping this heavenly honey.
C: It was the best time for lychee honey though. Maybe some people have not heard of this rarity? At this time of year, when the Conghua lychee trees seem a sea of lossom there is humming and buzzing everywhere as bees gather nectar from dawn till dusk and under the moonlight too. The honey they produce were pure and nutritious, and most of the local people like it and take it as a tonic. A warm-hearted friend got me too bottles too, and as soon as I opened one it scented the air. Mixed with water it tasted as fragrant and delicate as fresh lychee, a heavenly drink like nectar, and sipping it makes you feel you life is filled with sweetness.
结尾
诗人和翻译家梁宗岱说:“作品在译者心里唤起的回响是那么深沉和清澈,反映在作品里的作者和译者的心灵那么融合无间,二者的艺术手腕又那么旗鼓相当,译者简直觉得作者是自己前身,自己是作者再世,因而用了无上的热忱、挚爱和虔诚去竭力追摹和活现原作的神采。这时候翻译就等于两颗伟大的灵魂遥隔着世纪和国界携手合作”
埃文也在其《翻译与情操》一书中说:“翻译之所以是艺术,不仅由于它具有形式的美,而且还由于它具有情操的美。译者与作者必须心心相印,灵犀相通。翻译所需要的不是一支素描的笔,而是一颗燃烧的心。不仅要译出眼泪,而且要译
出悲哀;不仅要译出笑声,而且要译出欢乐;不仅要译出拍案而起,而且要译出义愤填膺;不仅要译出效命疆场,而且要译出赤胆忠心;不仅要译出有形之事物,而且要译出无形之情操”(冯庆华,2002:170)。
《荔枝蜜原文》出自:百味书屋
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