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????????????????
??? ????????????????????
? ???????
? 1. ??????????
? 2.?????????
? 3. ?????????
? 4. ???????????
? 5. 1978??????????
? ???????
? ???????
? ???????????????
???????
? ????????2000????????????????????
1. ??????????
? ?????????? ?
????(Kumarajiva 344--413)?
??(Paramartha/Gunarata 499--569)?
? ?????Translation of Buddhist Scripture?
??(Xuan Zang)?
? ??????????????????????
???? (Kumarajiva 344--413)
? ????????????300???
? ???????????????????????
? ????????????????????????????????????
??(Paramartha/Gunarata 499--569)
? ????????????????49???
? ???????????????????????
??(Xuan Zang)
? ?????628???????17??????????19???75??? ?
? ??????????????????????????????
? ??????????????? ??????????
? ??????????????????????????????????????
???????????????
2.?????????
? ??????????????????????Matteo Ricci,15521610?????
??????????????????
? ????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????
3. ?????????
? ?????????????????
? ?????????
???????
? ????????????????????????????????????
?????????
? ?????????????????
???????
? ???????????????????????????????????
? ????????????????????????????????????
4. ???????????
? ??????????????????????????????????????
? ???????? ??????????????? ? ?
???
? ?????????????????????????
? 1920???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????
? 1949????????????????????????????????????
?????
5. 1978??????????
? ?????????????????
? ???????????? ??????????????????? ???????
?????????? ?
???????
1???????
? ????????????????????????????????????
? ????????????????????????????????????1949?
? ?????????????????????????????????????
????????1980?
? ???????????????????1990?
? ??????????????????????????????????1995?
? ???????????????????????????????????????
1997?
? ???????????????????????
?????2001?
?????????????
? (A good translation is one which the merit of the original work is so completely transfused
into another language as to be as distinctly apprehended and as strongly felt by a native of the
country to which that language belongs as it is by those who speak the language of the original
work.)
? ??????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????1790?
?????????????
? ???SL??????????????TL???????????????????
1965?
? ??The Oxford English Dictionary ???to turn from one language into another.
? ?? Websters Third New International Dictionary of the English Language(??????
????)?to turn into ones own or another language
?Translation consists in reproducing in receptor language the closest natural equivalence of the source language , first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.?????????????????????????????????????????????? ????1974?
? ?????????????????????????????????
? ?1?????????????????message??
? ?2??????????????????????????????closest?? ? ?3???????????(natural)?
? ??????????????
? He is a fox. ??????????
? She is a cat. ???????????
????????????
? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1985????
? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????1988?
? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1953?
???????
1. ????????(Alexander F.Tytler) ?????? ?functional equivalence?
? That the translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work.
? That the style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that of the original. ? That the translation should have all the ease of original composition.
? ????????????????? ?????????????????????
????????????????
? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
2. ??????????????
? ?????????(faithfulness, expressiveness, elegance)
? ???????????
? ????????
? ???????
? ????????
? ????? (spiritual resemblance)
? ?????? (sublimation)
3. ???????
? ???????????????????????? Faithfulness( in content , style), smoothness (natural, readable, expressive)
? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
3.1 ??
? 1???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? 2???????????????????????????????????????
3.2 ??
? ????????????????????????????????????? ? ?????????????????????????????????? ? Boy, fetch me a pen and a piece of paper.
?????????????????
3.3 ?????????
? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ?????????????????????????????????
4. ???????
Requirements in the syllabus
? ???????????????????????????????????????????
? ???????????????????????????????
? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????60%????40%?
? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????250-300???????????????????
? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????250-300???????????????????????
???????????????
1. Objectivity of This Course?
? To master basic knowledge and theories about translation, to understand better the differences between English and Chinese, to train the students to acquire some skills ,techniques and
strategies in translating, thus developing students abilities to translate efficiently and effectively.
2. ???????
Qualities for a good translator
? 1. Good bi-lingual competence,esp. understanding and expressing
She is a cat. -- You cant be too careful.
? 2. Broad knowledge
We bombed the Axis Europe.
????????? ????????#???????
? 3. Translation strategies, skills, techniques
? 4. Careful and conscientious attitude
? 5. Understand the bi-lingual differences
? ??? ??????& ?????
? I saw him lying on the couch as1eep.
??????????????
? The issue lies with you?You must decide.
????????????????
? Dont lie any more. I dont trust you.
???????????
? soft drink, soft ware, soft light, soft music, soft fire?soft voice, soft heart, softball?soft money ? ??/??/????/???/??/????/???/??/??
? cut rice, cut cake, cut finger nails, cut hair, cut budget
? ?? /??? /??? /?? /????
? wear clothes/wear a hat/wear glasses/wear his hair short
? ?? /?? /??? /???
? But his attack was always repulsed by a kick or a blow from a stick.
??????????????????????????????
? step up the performance of the water wheel
?????????
step up the campaign for nuclear disarmament.
??????????
? Birds build their nets.
build a new future.
build canals.
??/???????/????
? a hotel with a few Chinese touches
???????????????????????? ?
? a base for underground activities
??????
? They saw a slender man of more than average height with gleaming eyes and a face so striking that it bordered on the beautiful.
? 1.????????????, ??????????, ??????, ???????,??????(?????????,???????????.)
? Never had she so honestly felt that she could have loved him as now? when all love must be vain.
?????????????????????????????????????when?????????????????
? James Brindley of Staffordshire started his self-made career in 1733 by working at mill wheels, at the age of seventeen, having been born poor in a village.
???????????????????????????1733????17???????????????????????????
? He was given a chair and asked to wait a little as darkness came on, then suddenly the whole bridge was outlined in lights.
? ???????????????????????????????????????????
? It would have been difficult to find a happier child than I was as I lay in my crib at the close of that eventful day and lived over the joys it had brought me.
? ??????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????
?????????? ???
??
???????
1???
2???
3???????????
?????????????
1????????
2???????
3???????????????????
???????????????
1???????????
2?????????????
3??????????
???????????????????????????
4???????????????
???????????????
?)?????????
1?? ?
2?? ??
3?? ?? ?
4?? ?? ??
5?? ??
6?There be
?)?????????
1?????
??
?????????????? In the last few decades, great changes have taken place in China.
??????????????????????????????
2????
???????????
The rest of the money is not much more.
????????
No wall is wall in the world .
3????
??
????? ?????????????????????????????????
Presently the North Wind dropped a little. By now the loose dust had all been blown away, leaving the roadway clean?and the rickshaw man quickened his pace.
4????
?? ??????????????????????????
For a relatively long period ahead,the focus of our work is to realize the four modernizations.
5????
???
???????????????
He found that the aircraft has taken off to the airport.
6????
??????????????????
?????????????????????????????????
A??????????????????????
?????????
We persuade him to stop smoking.
B?????????????????? ??
?????????
You are really freaking me out.
C??????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????? He made so much progress in his study that the teacher praised him.
7????
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????? Guilins mountains and waters rank first in China while landscape of Yangshuo tops those in Guilin.
8??????
??????????????????????????????????????? ??? ?????????????????????????????????????
????????????????? He was very successful and shocked the world.
9???
????
??????
1?????
???????????????????????????????
?????????????????
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???
??????
????
??
1? ?????????????????????????????????
2? ????????????????????
3? ??????????????????????????
4? ????????????????????????????
5? ???????????????????????????????????????????????
6? ???????????????????????????????????? ????
??
1? ???????????????????
2? ???????????????????????
3? ????????????
4? ????????????????????????
5? ?????????????????????
6? ????????????????????????????????? ????
1???????????????????????????????
2??????????????????????????????????
3????????????????????????????????????????????
4???????????????????????????
5??????????????????????????????????
6???????????????????????????????
??????
????
??
1? ????????????????????????
2? ?????????????????????????
3? ????????????????????
4? ????????????
5? ??????????
6? ???????????????
??
1?He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak.
2?Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved.
3?The ear is the organ which is used for hearing. The nose is used for smelling. And the tongue is used for tasting.
4. Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.
5?As it was getting quite dark, we decided to stop at that temple for the night.
6?Internet is so convenient that we can find any information with the click of the mouse.
????
??
1???????????????????????????????
2?????????????????
3???321A???????????????????????????
4?????????????????????????
5????????????????????????
6?????????????????????????
??
Educationalist Mei Yiqi was born in Tianjin. In 1909, he passed the examination and became one of the first Tsinghua students to study in America, majoring in electrical engineering at Worcester Polytechnic Institute. In September 1915 he was invited to work at Tsinghua University as a professor of physics and was appointed Dean of Studies in 1926. He was appointed president of Tsinghua University in 1931 and did not leave the post until by the end of 1948. Under his leadership, Tsinghua University quickly ranked among world famous universities in many aspects in a matter of just a few years. An educationalist himself, he established a complete ideological system of education. His strategy of running the university comprises three parts, i.e., general education (also known as free education), professor management (also called democratic management) and academic freedom (or the atmosphere of free discussion). His representative work is An interpretation of University, which was published in 1941. And his famous saying It is great masters, not huge buildings that characterize a university is still thought highly of by the educational circles even to this day.
????
??
1? ?????????????
2? ?????????????????????????
3? ????????????????????????????
4? ??????????????????
5? ???????????
6? ??????????
??
1? We want fried fish, but they give us boiled.
2? Every river has its upper, middle and lower reaches.
3? For many years there has been serious unemployment in that country.
4? The people of China have always been courageous enough to probe into things, to make
inventions, and to make revolution.
5? These new types of automobiles are characteristic of fast speed, high efficiency and flexible
operation.
6? With point you could make a line; with lines, planes; with planes, solids.
????
??
1. ????????????????????
2?????????????????????????????????
3???????????????
4??????????????
5??????????????????
6???????????????????????????????????????????????????
??
1?The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking efforts.
2. The adoption of this new device will greatly cut down the percentage of defective products.
3. Thanks to the Chinese peoples uelenting and heroic struggle during the last hundred years,
imperialism has not been able to subjugate China, nor will it ever be able to do so.
4. Chinas successful explosion of its first atom bomb caused tremendous repercussion throughout
the world.
5?Exceptional excellence in painting horses gained him an overnight fame.
6?Only a better understanding of this nation can help you get accustomed to and integrated with it. ????
??
1? ??????????????????
2? ???????????????????????????
3? ?????????????????????
4? ???????????????????????
5? ??????????????????
6? ??????????????????????????????????????
??????
??
1? Slips are scarcely avoidable when youre new to your work.
2? The meetings were marked by such an absence of lively discussions that at times they were
almost on the point of breaking up.
3? His absence of mind during the driving nearly caused an accident.
4? That city and the areas around it are an ice-free port and a nuclear-weapon free zone.
5? Traveling alone, she was sitting still in the corner of the carriage.
6? His lack of consideration for the feelings of others angered everyone present.
????
??
1????????????????????????
2??????????????????????????????????
3???????????????
4????????????
5????????????????????
6?????????????????????
??
1. Achieving this target will be a piece of cake. (or: will be a breeze.)
2. When shepherds quarrel, the wolf has a winning game.
3. Otherwise, standing by with folded arms and waiting for gains without pains will prove to be nothing but long-term noesistance. ?A.M.Condron??
4?One is the moon reflected in the water, while the other but a flower in the mirror.
5?Meanwhile, the eastern area should increase its support to the central and western areas in
various ways, such as joint development, cooperation for mutual benefit and coordinated assistance adjusted to the needs of the areas.
6?Jiangsu Province is low and flat, with abundant water resources and fertile land.
????
??
????????????????????????????????????? ?????????8???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??
For centuries, explorers have risked their lives venturing into the unknown for reasons that were to varying degrees economic and nationalistic. Columbus went west to look for better trade routes to the Orient and to promote the greater glory of Spain. Lewis and Clark journeyed into the American wilderness to find out what the U.S. had acquired when it purchased Louisiana, and the Appolo astronauts rocketed to the moon in a dramatic show of technological muscle during the cold war.
Although their missions blended commercial and political-military imperatives, the explorers involved all accomplished some significant science discovery simply by going where no scientists had gone before.
??????
??? ???
???
1. ??????????????
2. ???????????????????
3. ??????????
4. ?????????????????
5. ????????????
6. ???12?????????????
7. ????????????????
8. ???1959???????????????????????????????????????????
9. ??????????????????????
10. ??????????????????
???
1. ?????????????
2. ??????????
3. ?????????????????????????????????
4. ?????????????
5. ???????????????
6. ??????????????
7. ?????????????????
8. ?????????????????
9. ??????????????????
10. ??????????????????
???
1. ????????????????????????
2.
3.
4.
5. ???????????????? ??????????? ?????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????
6. ?????????????????????
7. ????????????????????????????????????????????
8. ????????????????????
9. ??????????????????????
10. ???????????????????????
???
1. ???????????
2. ?????????????????????
3. ????????
4. ?????????????????????
5. ?????????????????????????????
6. USA?????????????????????????United States??????
7. ????????????????????????????????????????????????
8. ??????????????????
9. ??????????????????????????????????
10. ???????????
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发表于 2019-9-13 23:46:11