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???????15???????????
???? ???? ?
??? ???.
?? ????????????
?????????????
1. ?????????
?????????????????????????????????
2. ???
?1?????????????????
?2???????????
???????????20????????????21???????
1??????
?????????????????,?????????:
????-----????-----????
1661?????????????????????????????????
2. 20????????
?1????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?2????????
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????
1.(09???9)????????
A?SO2????????????
B?Na??????Mg?????Na?MgCl2?????Mg
1
????? ????? ???? ???
C??????HNO3??????????????????????
D?Fe?Cl2?????FeCl3????????????????Fe??+3?
2.?09??5???????????????
A?????????? B????????
C????????????D???????????
3.?09??8????????????????????????
A????CO2?KCl?SiO2 B?????HCl?H2S?SO2
C??????>??>?? D??????HF?H2O?NH3
4?????9?????????
A.??????????????
B.????????????????????????
C.??????????????????????
D.??????????????????????????
????????:1C 2C 3D 4B
?? ??????????
12 3? ??????2Na+2H2O=2NaOH+H2?
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
4? ?????????2Na2O2+2H2O=4NaOH+O2?
5? ????????????2Na2O2+2CO2=2Na2CO3+O2 ???????????????????
6? ?????????2NaHCO3?==Na2CO3+H2O+CO2?
7? ????????????NaOH+NaHCO3=Na2CO3+H2O
8? ??????????????Na2CO3+CO2+H2O=2NaHCO3
??????????????? ()
A?????????????????
B?????????????????
C?????????????
D?????????????? ??? D
?? ?????????
?????????????????????????????????
1. ????????
2Fe+3Cl2 ? 2FeCl3 Cu+Cl2 ? CuCl2
2
????
????? ????? ???? ???
Cl2 +H2 ? 2HClCl2+H2O=HCl+HClO
2.?? + ??? ? ????? + ???? + ?
Cl2+2NaOH=NaCl+NaClO+H2O?????????????????????????
2Cl2+2Ca?OH?2 = CaCl2 + Ca?ClO?2 + 2H2O????????????
3? ???????????NaClO+CO2+H2O=NaHCO3+HClO
4? ???????????Ca?ClO?2+CO2+H2O=CaCO3?+2HClO
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????()
A????? B?????? C??????? D??????
????????Cl2????()
A??? B??? C??? D???
???D B
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
(1)??????????????
(2)???????????????
??
??
(3)??????????????????????
?1?????????????????2???????????????????????????????????????????????????????3???????????????????????????????????????????? ??
??????
1??09???10?9.2g??????????????????????
A?0.2mol?? B?0.4mol??
C?0.2mol?? D?0.4mol??
2. (09????14)???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
A??????????B??????????
C??????????D????????????????????
?????????1B 2D
?? ??????????????
???
?.?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????mol?
1223-1?.????????????0.012 kg C ???????????6.0210????mol
??1mol?????????????????????1 mol???????????
120.012 kg C ??????????n = N / NA
????????????????
???????????????????98?????????1 mol???98
??????1 mol?????????????
????????????????????(????????????????)???
???????????????????????????????????????
??????
3
????? ????? ???? ???
??????????????, ?????(??)?????????????????????????1 mol H????????????1mol?1 mol H2???????????1mol, ????1mol ??????????
???????M?????????Vm?????????c?
1??????????????????????????????M?
m-1???M = ????/?????gmol? n
?????1mol?????????????????????????????????
-1gmol?g?kg?1??????????????
2?????????????????????????????????????????
-13-3 ???Vm?????L mol ?mmol
3???????????????????????????????0?????101 kPa?????
-1-1??????22.4 Lmol???????n = V/22.4l.mol
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
4??????????????????????????????? V1n1?Vn2 ????????????????????????????2
P1n1?Pn2 *??????????????????????????2
?????????????????????B?????????????????????B??
-1-3??????cB???????mol L?molm ? ???cB = n/V
?????100%
????????????????????????(?)=????
???????????????????????????
V(L)?103(mL/L)??(g/mL)??
n(mol)1000??M(g/mol)CB???(mol/L)V(L)V(L)M
?????????????????????=?????????????
???????????=????????
???????????????????????
???????????
???????? ???????? ?????????
?? ?? ??????????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?
??????1?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?2??????????????????????????????????????
?3????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?4???????????????????????????????????????
??????
1?09??12?NA????????????????????
A???????2.24LH2O????????0.1NA
B?????100mL1mol/LNa2CO3??????????0.1NA
C?????NA?CO?C2H4????????22.4L????28g
D?3.4gNH3??NH????0.2NA
4
????? ????? ???? ???
2?09??6??nA ??????????NA ?????????????
A. 1 mol ?????????????nA
B. ???????C3H6 ????28g???????3nA ????
C. ??????22.4L????????????????????nA
D??0.1mol?????1L?????????0.1nAFe
3??09???4? ?NA????????????????????
A. 25???PH=13?1.0L Ba?OH?2??????OH???0.2NA
B. ??????2.24L Cl2????NaOH?????????????0.2NA
C. ????21.0g????????????????????1.5NA
D. ??????22.4L ???????????1.0NA
4???? 250 mL0.1 molL-1?NaOH????????????
? ???4-1????? ??????????????
? ????????????NaOH??????????????
? ????NaOH????????????????????????
5????250mL0.1 molL-1?NaOH????????????
?1????????NaOH?????g??????? ????
?4-1 ?2???????????????? ?
?500mL??? ??? ????? ?250mL???? ??? ?1000mL???? ????? ?250mL???
????????? 1 B2C 3C4.?1?????????2??????3???
5??1?1.0?????????????????2?????? ?3?
5
????????????---???????
???????????
????
?????
????????? ?????a2CO3????NaHCO3 ????Na2S2O3 ????????CaSO4.2H2O????2CaSO4.H2O ???CaF2 ????BaSO4???????NH4HCO3 ????????CaCO3 ????CaO ???NaCl ????????Ca(OH)2 ???Na2SO47H2O (???) ??????????NaOH ???FaSO47H2O???CO2 ???KAl (SO4)212H2O ????Ca (ClO)2 ?CaCl2????? ???MgSO47H2O??????CuSO45H2O ????H2O2 ???ZnSO47H2O ??????SiO2???Al2O3 ????????????Na2SiO3 ??????Fe2O3????Fe3O4 ????????FeS2 ???????Cu2 (OH)2CO3 ????FeCO3 ????Cu2O ?????Ca (OH)2?CuSO4 ?????Ca (OH)2?S ????????Na2SiO3?CaSiO3?SiO2 ???????????Ca (H2PO4)2?CaSO4 ????????????Ca (H2PO4)2 ????????????????CH4 ????CO?H2 ????????????Fe (NH4)2 (SO4)2 ??????????????NO2????????????? ????HNO3??HCl????1?3?????????Al + Fe2O3??????? ???CO?NH2) 2
?????
???CHCl3???CaC2 ????C2H2 (??) TNT?????? ??????C2H5OH ??????????????????O3?? ????????? CH3COOH
?????????????????????H2S?CO2?CO?? ?????? ?C3H8O3???????????H2?CH4????CO?? ?????? ????? HCHO?????35%40%??????????? HCOOH
????C6H12O6???C6H12O6???C12H22O11????C12H22O11 ????C6H10O5?n ????C17H35COOH???C17H33COOH ????C15H31COOH
?????? HOOCCOOH ????????????????CO2????KMnO4???????
?? ??
?????????????????????? Fe2+??? Fe3O4????Fe(OH)2????Fe3+?? Fe (OH)3????? Fe (SCN)3?????FeO????? Fe (NH4)2(SO4)2????Fe2O3????? FeS???? ????????Cu2+??CuO??Cu2O?? CuSO4??????CuSO45H2O?? Cu2 (OH)2CO3 ??Cu(OH)2??[Cu(NH3)4]SO4?????BaSO4 ?BaCO3 ?Ag2CO3 ?CaCO3 ?AgCl ? Mg (OH)2 ???????????
Al(OH)3 ?????? H4SiO4???????????
Cl2?????? F2??????Br2?????? I2?????
HF?HCl?HBr?HI????????????????
CCl4????????????????? KMnO4--??MnO4-??
Na2O2????? Ag3PO4????S????AgBr?????
AgI????O3?????SO2???????????????
SO3???????44.8 0C? ?????? ????HF????
N2O4?NO???? NO2????? NH3???????????
?? ???
1?????????????Ba(OH)2?NH4Cl???????
2?Na?H2O??????????????????????????(?????????)
3??????Na ???K?????????????Cu ???Ca???Na+?????K+?????
4?Cu??Cl2?????????? 5?H2?Cl2???????????
6?Na?Cl2??????????? 7?P?Cl2?????????????
8?SO2??????????????????
9?NH3?HCl??????????10???????????????????
11?????????????????CO2??????????MgO???????
12????Cl2??????????? 13?HF?????4HF + SiO2 ? SiF4 + 2H2O
14?Fe(OH)2???????????????????????
15??????Fe?Al ??H2SO4??HNO3????
16??????????????FeCl3???????????????????
17??????HNO3???????????????
18????????S???????? H2????? H2S?????
CO???? CH4????????? S?O2????????????
??????[Fe(OH)3] 19????????????[Fe(OH)2]???
20???????S?Na2O2?AgBr
21????????????SO2???????????Cl2??????????
22??????Fe2+??????Fe3+?????Cu2+?????MnO4-????
????????Cu?Cu2O?Fe2O3?????[Fe(OH)3] ???CuO?FeO?FeS?CuS?Ag2S?PbS? ??[Cu(OH)2] ???AgI?Ag3PO4? ??[Fe(0H)2?CaCO3?BaSO4?AgCl?BaSO3] ?????Cl2??????NO2?????
?? ???????????
1
3??????????????????
???????????Au3+ >Ag+>Hg2+ >Cu2+ >Pb2+ >Fa2+ >Zn2+ >H+ >Al3+>Mg2+ >Na+ >Ca2+ >K+
???????????S2- >I- >Br >Cl- >OH- >????
???????????????????????????Pt?Au???
4??????????????1????????????????????
?2?????????????????????????3?H?O?????????
???Na2CO3?AlCl3?????? 3 CO32- + 2Al3+ + 3H2O = 2Al(OH)3? + 3CO2?
5???????????????1????????????????2????
????KCl???2KCl + 2H2O == H2?+ Cl2?+ 2KOH ???2KCl + 2H2O == H2?+ Cl2?+ 2KOH
6?????????????????????????1????????????????2???????????????????3???????????????
???????????Pb + PbO2 + 2H2SO4 = 2PbSO4 + 2H2O ????????(??)??????? ???????? Pb 2e- ? PbSO4 PbO2 +2e- ? PbSO4
????????????????? ??? ???Pb + SO42- -2e- = PbSO4
??? PbO2 + 4H+ + SO42- +2e- = PbSO4 + 2H2O
?????????????????????????????
?? ???PbSO4 +2e- = Pb + SO42- ???PbSO4 + 2H2O -2e- = PbO2 + 4H+ + SO42-
7??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????? ??????????????????????????
8??????????????????????????
9??????????? >???? >???? ??????????? Si?SiC ?SiO2=????? ????????????????????? ??? > SiC > Si ????????Si> C> O?.
10??????????????????????????????????
11????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????
12?????MnO4- >Cl2 >Br2 >Fe3+ >I2 >S=4(+4??S) ?? I2 +SO2 + H2O = H2SO4 + 2HI
13???Fe3+????????? 14??????????H2O ?NH3 ?HF?CH3CH2OH ?
15????????????????1??????????????????1???????????98%?????????1.84g/cm3?
16?????????1???????????????2????????????3?????????????4????????[Fe(SCN)2?Fe(SCN)3?Ag(NH3)+?[Cu(NH3)4]2+ ?]??5?????????
17??????????????? Al ???????????O HClO4(???)?????
18?????????Hg (-38.9C),???????W??3410c????????????K??????????Pt?
19????PH???5.6????????
20????????????? >?? >??? >?? >?? >?? >HCO3-
21?????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
22??????????????????????????????????
23???????????????????????????????????????CO2?H2O??O2?????????????????????CO2?H2O??O2??
24????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????[CCl4???????CS2??????????????????????????]?????????
25????????????????????????HCNH2O??????????????????????????Cu(OH)2??? ???????????CHO 2Ag
???????????????????? HCHO 4Ag ? + H2CO3
?????HCHO +4[Ag(NH3)2]OH = (NH4)2CO3 + 4Ag? + 6NH3 ?+ 2H2O
26??????????1????????2????????????3????
??????????Fe(OH)3?AgI???????????????????????????????????
27????????SO2?CO?NO2?NO???SO2?NO2?????
28????????????????????????????????????????????????????
29?????20C??????10????????1???????1???????0.01?????
30????????????2/3?????????????1%???????????????????????????C?H????
31?????C???2%4.3% ???C???0.03%2% ?????NaCl???MgCl2? CaCl2???MgCl2????????????HNO3???????????NaOH????????????
32??????????????????1?????????????????
??
????????????
1????????? ?OH?Al?Si????H2? ?????2Al?2NaOH?2H2O?2NaAlO2?3H2??1? ? ?Si?2NaOH?H2O?Na2SiO3?2H2?
??NH3??H2O ?2????NH4?
2?????????
???
???HCl???H2????H2SO4??SO2??????????HNO3??NO2??NO???????HSO4?1? ??????SO2??CO2?????2?C???HNO3? ???????NO2??CO2????????H2SO4??????SO2????S???HNO3??????SO2??NO2?????H?CO32??HCO3?????CO2? ??H??2?????S2??HS???? ?H2S?
?2? H??SOHSO???SO2??3??3?
3?Na2S2O3???????????????S2O32-+2H+=S?+SO2?+H2O
4?????????
??2Na?2H2O?2NaOH?H2?
?1??? ???2F2?2H2O?4HF?O2?
?2Na2O2?2H2O?4NaOH?O2?? ?Mg3N2?3H2O?3Mg?OH?2??2NH3??2???? ??Al2S3?6H2O?2Al?OH?3??3H2S? ?CaC?2HO?Ca?OH??CH? 22222?
5??????
2O?CO32?HCO3??H???CO2??Al?OH?3??2OAl3???S2?HS??H???H2S??Al?OH?3??H2O?AlO????Al?OH?3?2?????
6?????????????
?1????Al ?2?????Al2O3?Al(OH)3?????????????????? CO2??O2??Na2CO3????7??Na2O2?? ?H2O???O2??NaOH???
8?2FeCl3+H2S=2FeCl2+S?+2HCl
9??? ?H2O??????H2??O2??? ???Al?O2??Al2O3??????? ???NaCl??????NaOH?Cl2??H2???
?????+Al2O3 10??????Al+????????
11? Al3+ Al(OH)3 AlO2-
12??????2H2S+SO2=3S+2H2O
??4N2+6H2O4NH3+6NO??
?1.?????????13???????1?????? ??2.???????
?H2O??H????H2???????Na?Mg?Fe??2??????? ??2Mg?CO2??????2MgO?C? ?
?2F2?2H2O?4HF?O2???? ??Si?2CO?2C?SiO2????3???????? ????CO?H2?C?H2O?? ?Cl(Br?I)?HS?S?2HCl?HBr?HI?2?222
????????H2O?H2?????????4??????? ????C?????????????CO2?
14???????????
? ???+???+?????Cl2+H2O?H2S+O2??NH3+O2?CH4+O2?Cl2+FeBr2 ? ???+???+??NH3+NO?H2S+SO2 ?Na2O2+H2O?NaH+H2O? Na2O2+CO2?CO+H2O
? ???+?????PCl3+Cl2 ?Na2SO3+O2 ?FeCl3+Fe ?FeCl2+Cl2?CO+O2?Na2O+O2
14??????
15???????2??3???????
??NH4HCO3[(NH4)2CO3]???NH3??CO2??H2O???1??? ?NH4HSO3[(NH4)2SO3]???NH3??SO2??H2O
? ???NH3??H2S??NH4HS[(NH4)2S]?
??2Cu(NO3)2???2CuO?4NO2??O2???2???? ?????2Ag?2NO2??O2??2AgNO3?
??????????????
????? ????? ???? ???
???????15???????????
???? ???? ?
??? ???.
?? ????????????
?????????????
1. ?????????
?????????????????????????????????
2. ???
?1?????????????????
?2???????????
???????????20????????????21???????
1??????
?????????????????,?????????:
????-----????-----????
1661?????????????????????????????????
2. 20????????
?1????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?2????????
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????
1.(09???9)????????
A?SO2????????????
B?Na??????Mg?????Na?MgCl2?????Mg
1
????? ????? ???? ???
C??????HNO3??????????????????????
D?Fe?Cl2?????FeCl3????????????????Fe??+3?
2.?09??5???????????????
A?????????? B????????
C????????????D???????????
3.?09??8????????????????????????
A????CO2?KCl?SiO2 B?????HCl?H2S?SO2
C??????>??>?? D??????HF?H2O?NH3
4?????9?????????
A.??????????????
B.????????????????????????
C.??????????????????????
D.??????????????????????????
????????:1C 2C 3D 4B
?? ??????????
12 3? ??????2Na+2H2O=2NaOH+H2?
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
4? ?????????2Na2O2+2H2O=4NaOH+O2?
5? ????????????2Na2O2+2CO2=2Na2CO3+O2 ???????????????????
6? ?????????2NaHCO3?==Na2CO3+H2O+CO2?
7? ????????????NaOH+NaHCO3=Na2CO3+H2O
8? ??????????????Na2CO3+CO2+H2O=2NaHCO3
??????????????? ()
A?????????????????
B?????????????????
C?????????????
D?????????????? ??? D
?? ?????????
?????????????????????????????????
1. ????????
2Fe+3Cl2 ? 2FeCl3 Cu+Cl2 ? CuCl2
2
????
????? ????? ???? ???
Cl2 +H2 ? 2HClCl2+H2O=HCl+HClO
2.?? + ??? ? ????? + ???? + ?
Cl2+2NaOH=NaCl+NaClO+H2O?????????????????????????
2Cl2+2Ca?OH?2 = CaCl2 + Ca?ClO?2 + 2H2O????????????
3? ???????????NaClO+CO2+H2O=NaHCO3+HClO
4? ???????????Ca?ClO?2+CO2+H2O=CaCO3?+2HClO
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????()
A????? B?????? C??????? D??????
????????Cl2????()
A??? B??? C??? D???
???D B
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
(1)??????????????
(2)???????????????
??
??
(3)??????????????????????
?1?????????????????2???????????????????????????????????????????????????????3???????????????????????????????????????????? ??
??????
1??09???10?9.2g??????????????????????
A?0.2mol?? B?0.4mol??
C?0.2mol?? D?0.4mol??
2. (09????14)???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
A??????????B??????????
C??????????D????????????????????
?????????1B 2D
?? ??????????????
???
?.?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????mol?
1223-1?.????????????0.012 kg C ???????????6.0210????mol
??1mol?????????????????????1 mol???????????
120.012 kg C ??????????n = N / NA
????????????????
???????????????????98?????????1 mol???98
??????1 mol?????????????
????????????????????(????????????????)???
???????????????????????????????????????
??????
3
????? ????? ???? ???
??????????????, ?????(??)?????????????????????????1 mol H????????????1mol?1 mol H2???????????1mol, ????1mol ??????????
???????M?????????Vm?????????c?
1??????????????????????????????M?
m-1???M = ????/?????gmol? n
?????1mol?????????????????????????????????
-1gmol?g?kg?1??????????????
2?????????????????????????????????????????
-13-3 ???Vm?????L mol ?mmol
3???????????????????????????????0?????101 kPa?????
-1-1??????22.4 Lmol???????n = V/22.4l.mol
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
4??????????????????????????????? V1n1?Vn2 ????????????????????????????2
P1n1?Pn2 *??????????????????????????2
?????????????????????B?????????????????????B??
-1-3??????cB???????mol L?molm ? ???cB = n/V
?????100%
????????????????????????(?)=????
???????????????????????????
V(L)?103(mL/L)??(g/mL)??
n(mol)1000??M(g/mol)CB???(mol/L)V(L)V(L)M
?????????????????????=?????????????
???????????=????????
???????????????????????
???????????
???????? ???????? ?????????
?? ?? ??????????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?
??????1?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?2??????????????????????????????????????
?3????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?4???????????????????????????????????????
??????
1?09??12?NA????????????????????
A???????2.24LH2O????????0.1NA
B?????100mL1mol/LNa2CO3??????????0.1NA
C?????NA?CO?C2H4????????22.4L????28g
D?3.4gNH3??NH????0.2NA
4
????? ????? ???? ???
2?09??6??nA ??????????NA ?????????????
A. 1 mol ?????????????nA
B. ???????C3H6 ????28g???????3nA ????
C. ??????22.4L????????????????????nA
D??0.1mol?????1L?????????0.1nAFe
3??09???4? ?NA????????????????????
A. 25???PH=13?1.0L Ba?OH?2??????OH???0.2NA
B. ??????2.24L Cl2????NaOH?????????????0.2NA
C. ????21.0g????????????????????1.5NA
D. ??????22.4L ???????????1.0NA
4???? 250 mL0.1 molL-1?NaOH????????????
? ???4-1????? ??????????????
? ????????????NaOH??????????????
? ????NaOH????????????????????????
5????250mL0.1 molL-1?NaOH????????????
?1????????NaOH?????g??????? ????
?4-1 ?2???????????????? ?
?500mL??? ??? ????? ?250mL???? ??? ?1000mL???? ????? ?250mL???
????????? 1 B2C 3C4.?1?????????2??????3???
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发表于 2019-9-13 23:46:11